Using the incorrect transmission fluid can potentially cause issues with the transmission's performance. In the case of your W210 E200, using a transmission fluid that does not meet the specified requirements (such as the MB236.17 specification) can indeed result in problems such as the transmission only being able to run in first gear.

The W210 E200's transmission system has specific requirements for the type of fluid used, and using the wrong fluid can lead to improper lubrication, reduced performance, and potential damage to internal components. It is essential to use the recommended transmission fluid to ensure proper function and longevity.

If you have mistakenly used the MB236.17 transmission fluid in your W210 E200, it is advisable to drain the fluid and replace it with the correct fluid type recommended for your specific vehicle model. This will help restore proper transmission operation and avoid any potential long-term damage.

Remember, it is always best to consult your vehicle's owner's manual or contact a reputable mechanic who specializes in Mercedes-Benz vehicles for specific advice regarding your vehicle's transmission fluid requirements or any other mechanical concerns you may have.